Quebec - The French Heart of North America, Canada (112/418)

Founded by the French explorer Champlain in the early 17th century, the former capital of Nouvelle-France came under English rule from the middle of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century. Its upper town, built on the cliff, has remained the religious and administrative centre with its churches, convents and other monuments such as the Citadel, the Parliament and Chateau Frontenac. Together with the lower town and its ancient quarters it forms un urban ensemble which is one of the best examples of a fortified colonial town.